Primary central nervous system tumors survival in children in ten Colombian cities: a VIGICANCER report.

Purpose: Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common cancer in children and adolescents, leading to premature death and disability. Population-based survival estimates aid decision-making in cancer control, however data on survival for primary CNS tumors in Latin America is lacking. We describe survival rates for children with primary CNS tumors treated in ten Colombian cities. Methods: We analyzed data from children and adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer between 2012 and 2021, participating in the Childhood Cancer Clinical Outcomes Surveillance System (VIGICANCER) in ten cities in Colombia. VIGICANCER collects information on clinical outcomes from twenty-seven pediatric oncology units and conducts active follow-up every three months. VIGICANCER does not register craniopharyngiomas; we excluded intracranial germ cell tumors for this report. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate the overall survival probability, stratified by sociodemographic variables, topography, WHO grading, receipt of radiation therapy, and type of surgical resection. We analyzed the prognostic capacity of variables using multivariate proportional Cox's regression, stratified by city and year of diagnosis. Results: During the study period, VIGICANCER included 989 primary CNS tumors in 879 children and 110 adolescents. The cohort median age was 9 years; 53% of patients were males, and 8% were Afro-descendants. Most common tumors were supratentorial astrocytomas (47%), astrocytic tumors (35%), medulloblastomas (20%), ependymomas (11%), and mixed and unspecified gliomas (10%). Five-year overall survival of the entire cohort was 54% (95% CI, 51-58); for supratentorial gliomas, WHO grade I was 77%, II was 62%, III-IV was 27%, respectively, and for medulloblastoma was 61%. The adjusted hazard rate ratio for patients with WHO grade III and IV, for those with subtotal resection, for brainstem location, and for those not receiving radiation therapy was 7.4 (95% CI, 4.7-11.8), 6.4 (95% CI, 4.2-9.8), 2.8 (95% 2.1-3.8), 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3-2.8) and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.7-3.0), respectively. Conclusion: We found that half of Colombia's children and adolescents with primary CNS tumors survive five years, compared to 70% to 80% in high-income countries. In addition to tumor biology and location, gross total resection was crucial for improved survival in this cohort. Systematic monitoring of survival and its determinants provides empirical data for guiding cancer control policies.

Servicios amigables para jóvenes: construcción conjunta entre jóvenes y funcionarios / Health care services for young people: a joint construction among youth and health personnel

Antecedentes: La atención integrada y amigable a los adolescentes en salud es un aspecto de vital importancia para el logro de indicadores en salud y para la prevención de comportamientos de riesgo que dejan consecuencias severas.Objetivos: Identificar la percepción, experiencias y expectativas de jóvenes y funcionarios de salud sobre los servicios a jóvenes de la zona de ladera de Cali, Colombia. Desarrollar una estrategia conjunta entre jóvenes y funcionarios para el mejoramiento de los mismos servicios de salud a partir de los lineamientos de los Servicios Amigables para Jóvenes (SAJ).Métodos: Estudio de investigación-acción-participación con jóvenes y funcionarios de una ESE de Cali. La población de jóvenes se encontraba entre los 10 a 19 años. Inicialmente se aplicó un instrumento de evaluación al personal de salud y luego una encuesta sobre los SAJ. Se e realizaron entrevistas grupales y grupos de discusión para analizar los resultados. Se hizo abogacía y se formularon propuestas ante las autoridades locales y tomadores de decisiones sobre el manejo de los recursos.Resultados: La encuesta al personal de salud mostró que en la mayoría de las instituciones prestadoras de salud, no se cuenta con espacios y horarios definidos para la atención a los jóvenes, falta capacitación y número adecuado de funcionarios para la atención, ausencia de material de apoyo para educación en salud. La encuesta de jóvenes fue respondida por 100 jóvenes, el 76% fueron mujeres. El promedio de edad fue de 15.7 años con un rango entre los 12 y 26 años; con relación a la satisfacción en la atención brindada por el personal de salud, el porcentaje más alto lo obtuvo el personal médico y el más bajo el personal auxiliar de enfermería. El servicio más consultado es la consulta con médico general y los servicios más frecuentados en el último mes fueron vacunación (19.7%), odontología y urgencias (11.8% para cada uno).

Background: To accomplish health indicators among youth and prevent risks that leave severe consequences, it is important to offer integral health care.Objectives: To identify perceptions, experiences and expectations about health services for youth and health care agents from the Zona de Ladera in the city of Cali. To develop a concerted strategy with youth and health care agents to improve health services under the ®Friendly Youth Services¼ (SAJ abbreviation in Spanish) guide. Methods: Action - Research with participation of health-care personnel, youth, and adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age, was conducted in a public health-care institution in the city of Cali. The methodology included interviews, focal and discussion groups to analyze results and define steps to change services for adolescents. Advocacy and proposals about resource management were made to the local authorities and decision makers.Results: The main findings were lack of time schedules for services to adolescents and the absence of educational materials for them. The study noted a lack of resources like equipment, well-trained personnel – especially with positive attitude toward adolescents, appropriate location for delivery of services, and community participation in health matters. The interview was answered by 100 young individuals, 76% were female, ranging from 12 to 26 years of age; the higher score about satisfaction was for physicians and the lowest was for nursing assistants. Respondents mainly seek physician attention. The service most frequently sought in the last three months was dentistry, vaccinations, and emergency attention (19.7%, and 11.8%, respectively).Conclusions: It is necessary and useful to reorient health-care services for young individuals according to SAJ principles to emphasize health promotion, access to services, and skills and knowledge of health personnel to most appropriately care for the youth.